https://ifs.org.uk/news/more-nine-ten-individuals-pay-more-taxes-they-receive-social-security-over-their-lifetime?utm_source=chatgpt.com
I am late to this IFS report "Redistribution from a Lifetime Perspective,
"
In a single year, 64% of individuals in the UK pay more in taxes than they receive in social security. New analysis, ...shows that extending the period of analysis from a single year to an entire lifetime increases the percentage who pay more in taxes than they receive in social security to 93%."
and they say
The Labour government’s expansion of in- and out-of-work benefits between 1999 and 2002 was less well targeted towards the lifetime poor than the snapshot poor. The reason is that many of the poorest individuals over the lifetime are not poor in all periods of life.
