In our work on intangibles, we keep stressing that it is broader than R&D. Here's some evidence .
" Research comprised a telephone survey of 625 respondents across nine creative industry sub-sectors and was undertaken before the COVID-19 lockdown."
"This report considers R&D in the creative industries using two existing definitions: the broad OECD Frascati definition, used in official international surveys, and the definition used by HMRC for tax credit purposes. More than half (55%) of firms had undertaken R&D using the broad Frascati definition but only 14% had done so using the definition for tax. IT, software & computer services firms were the most likely to have conducted R&D activity under either definition (71%), with museums, galleries & libraries least likely (27%)."
In more detail, firms were asked a broad and narrow definition of R&D. Here's the questions and the answers:
